unserialize - [internal], line ??
FileEngine::read() - CORE/cake/libs/cache/file.php, line 190
Cache::read() - CORE/cake/libs/cache.php, line 362
DataSource::__cacheDescription() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/datasource.php, line 475
DataSource::describe() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/datasource.php, line 278
DboMysqlBase::describe() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/dbo/dbo_mysql.php, line 120
Model::schema() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 938
Model::setSource() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 789
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 483
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Model::__constructLinkedModel() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 667
Model::__createLinks() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 638
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 491
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Model::__constructLinkedModel() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 667
Model::__createLinks() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 638
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 491
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Warning (2): unserialize() [function.unserialize]: Extra data starting at offset 906 of 920 bytes [CORE/cake/libs/cache/file.php, line 190]
unserialize - [internal], line ??
FileEngine::read() - CORE/cake/libs/cache/file.php, line 190
Cache::read() - CORE/cake/libs/cache.php, line 362
DataSource::__cacheDescription() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/datasource.php, line 475
DataSource::describe() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/datasource.php, line 278
DboMysqlBase::describe() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/dbo/dbo_mysql.php, line 120
Model::schema() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 938
Model::setSource() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 789
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 483
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Model::__constructLinkedModel() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 667
Model::__createLinks() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 638
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 491
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Model::__constructLinkedModel() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 667
Model::__createLinks() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 638
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 491
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Warning (2): unserialize() [function.unserialize]: Extra data starting at offset 762 of 776 bytes [CORE/cake/libs/cache/file.php, line 190]
unserialize - [internal], line ??
FileEngine::read() - CORE/cake/libs/cache/file.php, line 190
Cache::read() - CORE/cake/libs/cache.php, line 362
DataSource::__cacheDescription() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/datasource.php, line 475
DataSource::describe() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/datasource.php, line 278
DboMysqlBase::describe() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/dbo/dbo_mysql.php, line 120
Model::schema() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 938
Model::setSource() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 789
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 483
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Model::__constructLinkedModel() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 667
Model::__createLinks() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 638
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 491
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Model::__constructLinkedModel() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 667
Model::__createLinks() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 638
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 491
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Warning (2): unserialize() [function.unserialize]: Extra data starting at offset 1173 of 1187 bytes [CORE/cake/libs/cache/file.php, line 190]
unserialize - [internal], line ??
FileEngine::read() - CORE/cake/libs/cache/file.php, line 190
Cache::read() - CORE/cake/libs/cache.php, line 362
DataSource::__cacheDescription() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/datasource.php, line 475
DataSource::describe() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/datasource.php, line 278
DboMysqlBase::describe() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/dbo/dbo_mysql.php, line 120
Model::schema() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 938
Model::setSource() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 789
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 483
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Model::__constructLinkedModel() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 667
Model::__createLinks() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 638
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 491
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Model::__constructLinkedModel() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 667
Model::__createLinks() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 638
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 491
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Warning (2): unserialize() [function.unserialize]: Extra data starting at offset 940 of 954 bytes [CORE/cake/libs/cache/file.php, line 190]
unserialize - [internal], line ??
FileEngine::read() - CORE/cake/libs/cache/file.php, line 190
Cache::read() - CORE/cake/libs/cache.php, line 362
DataSource::__cacheDescription() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/datasource.php, line 475
DataSource::describe() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/datasource.php, line 278
DboMysqlBase::describe() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/dbo/dbo_mysql.php, line 120
Model::schema() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 938
Model::setSource() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 789
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 483
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Model::__constructLinkedModel() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 667
Model::__createLinks() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 638
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 491
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Model::__constructLinkedModel() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 667
Model::__createLinks() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 638
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 491
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
ist Professorin für Wissenschaftstheorie und Technikphilosophie an der RWTH Aachen. Ihre aktuellen Forschungsschwerpunkte sind die Digitalisierung von Wissenschaft und Forschung und die maschinische Epistemologie künstlicher Intelligenz.
In 1946 John von Neumann stated that science is stagnant along the entire front of complex problems, proposing the use of largescale computing machines to overcome this stagnation. In other words, Neumann advocated replacing analytical methods with numerical ones. The invention of the computer in the 1940s allowed scientists to realise numerical simulations of increasingly complex problems like weather forecasting, and climate and molecular modelling. Today, computers are widely used as computational laboratories, shifting science toward the computational sciences. By replacing analytical methods with numerical ones, they have expanded theory and experimentation by simulation.
During the last decades hundreds of computational departments have been established all over the world and countless computer-based simulations have been conducted. This volume explores the epoch-making influence of automatic computing machines on science, in particular as simulation tools.