unserialize - [internal], line ??
FileEngine::read() - CORE/cake/libs/cache/file.php, line 190
Cache::read() - CORE/cake/libs/cache.php, line 362
DataSource::listSources() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/datasource.php, line 237
DboMysqli::listSources() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/dbo/dbo_mysqli.php, line 161
Model::setSource() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 777
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 483
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Controller::loadModel() - CORE/cake/libs/controller/controller.php, line 634
Controller::constructClasses() - CORE/cake/libs/controller/controller.php, line 501
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/cake/dispatcher.php, line 186
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/cake/dispatcher.php, line 171
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 113
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FileEngine::read() - CORE/cake/libs/cache/file.php, line 190
Cache::read() - CORE/cake/libs/cache.php, line 362
DataSource::__cacheDescription() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/datasource.php, line 475
DboMysqlBase::describe() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/dbo/dbo_mysql.php, line 155
Model::schema() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 938
Model::setSource() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 789
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 483
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Controller::loadModel() - CORE/cake/libs/controller/controller.php, line 634
Controller::constructClasses() - CORE/cake/libs/controller/controller.php, line 501
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/cake/dispatcher.php, line 186
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/cake/dispatcher.php, line 171
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 113
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unserialize - [internal], line ??
FileEngine::read() - CORE/cake/libs/cache/file.php, line 190
Cache::read() - CORE/cake/libs/cache.php, line 362
DataSource::__cacheDescription() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/datasource.php, line 475
DboMysqlBase::describe() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/dbo/dbo_mysql.php, line 155
Model::schema() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 938
Model::setSource() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 789
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 483
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Model::__constructLinkedModel() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 667
Model::__createLinks() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 638
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 491
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Model::__constructLinkedModel() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 667
Model::__createLinks() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 638
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 491
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Model::__constructLinkedModel() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 667
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FileEngine::read() - CORE/cake/libs/cache/file.php, line 190
Cache::read() - CORE/cake/libs/cache.php, line 362
DataSource::__cacheDescription() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/datasource.php, line 475
DboMysqlBase::describe() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/dbo/dbo_mysql.php, line 155
Model::schema() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 938
Model::setSource() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 789
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 483
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Model::__constructLinkedModel() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 667
Model::__createLinks() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 638
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 491
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Model::__constructLinkedModel() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 667
Model::__createLinks() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 638
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 491
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Model::__constructLinkedModel() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 667
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FileEngine::read() - CORE/cake/libs/cache/file.php, line 190
Cache::read() - CORE/cake/libs/cache.php, line 362
DataSource::__cacheDescription() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/datasource.php, line 475
DboMysqlBase::describe() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/dbo/dbo_mysql.php, line 155
Model::schema() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 938
Model::setSource() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 789
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 483
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Model::__constructLinkedModel() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 667
Model::__createLinks() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 638
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 491
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Model::__constructLinkedModel() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 667
Model::__createLinks() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 638
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 491
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Controller::loadModel() - CORE/cake/libs/controller/controller.php, line 634
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FileEngine::read() - CORE/cake/libs/cache/file.php, line 190
Cache::read() - CORE/cake/libs/cache.php, line 362
DataSource::__cacheDescription() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/datasource.php, line 475
DboMysqlBase::describe() - CORE/cake/libs/model/datasources/dbo/dbo_mysql.php, line 155
Model::schema() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 938
Model::setSource() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 789
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 483
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Model::__constructLinkedModel() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 667
Model::__createLinks() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 638
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 491
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Model::__constructLinkedModel() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 667
Model::__createLinks() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 638
Model::__construct() - CORE/cake/libs/model/model.php, line 491
ClassRegistry::init() - CORE/cake/libs/class_registry.php, line 142
Controller::loadModel() - CORE/cake/libs/controller/controller.php, line 634
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was, until 2019, a professor of philosophy at the National Institute
of Advanced Studies. He was also the Founder-Director of the Manipal Centre
for Philosophy and Humanities. His work is primarily in the philosophy of natural
and social sciences. He is the author of the following books: Translating the World:
Science and Language (Lanham: University Press of America, 2002); Philosophy
of Symmetry (Shimia: Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 2004); Indian Philosophy
and Philosophy of Science (New Delhi: Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy
and Culture, Centre for Studies in Civilizations, 2005); What is Science? (New
Delhi: National Book Trust, India, 2012) and two books co-authored with Gopal
Guru: The Cracked Mirror: An Indian Debate on Experience and Theory (New Delhi:
Oxford University Press, 2012) and most recently Experience, Caste and the Everyday
Social (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2019) and JRD Tata
and the Ethics of Philanthropy (London: Taylor & Francis, 2020). He has also been active in outreach programs to take philosophy to
different communities and places, including philosophy workshops for children,
and that bring philosophy to the public, through his writing in the media and his
initiative Barefoot Philosophers.
Cosmopolitanism is a theory about how to live together. The earliest formulation of cosmopolitanism in the West could be dated to as early as the fourth century BCE in ancient Greece by Diogenes, who famously said that he was a “citizen of the world – kosmopolitês,” an idea later picked up by Immanuel Kant, the German philosopher who proposed a philosophy of a world of “perpetual peace.” When cosmopolitanism first emerged as a political idea for modernity in the European Enlightenment, the project embraced the liberal promises of a globalizing economy, yet remained oblivious to, and even complicit with, capitalism, slavery and colonialism. It centered on the male, bourgeois, and white liberal subject, irrespective of the ongoing disenfranchisement, dehumanization, and extermination of its Others.
At the dawn of the 21st century, and in the wake of rapid globalization however, academics, politicians and other pundits enthusiastically declared cosmopolitanism to be no longer just a philosophical ideal, but a real, existing fact. Across the globe, they argued, people were increasingly thinking and feeling beyond the nation, considering themselves citizens of the world. Meanwhile, the global ecological crisis worsens, fascism with different outfits returns in many places of the world, the repression of women, sexual, racial, class and other minorities on a global scale persists; the so called “refugee crisis” inundates the mediascape and political spectacle. Not much of those cosmopolitan promises have left it seems. Perhaps precisely because of this, however, it seems to be an absolute necessity for scholars, activists, and artists today to face the complexities and promises cosmopolitanism has raised although not adequately answered. What has happened to the cosmopolitan promise, and who betrayed it?
“Minor cosmopolitanisms” wishes to challenge the underlying premises of ‘major’ cosmopolitanism without letting go of the unfulfilled emancipatory potential of the concept at large. It wants to rethink cosmopolitanisms in the plural, and trace multiple origins and trajectories of cosmopolitan thought from across the globe. Regarding cosmopolitanisms as emerging through diverse locally, historically and politically specific practices, minor cosmopolitanisms are predicated on difference without abandoning the quest for a shared vision of conviviality and justice. It seeks to answer: how to live at once with our difference and shared struggle? How to think our complicity with even those we most resist? Who sustains the world’s flourishing despite all this?